Cholecystectomy (Gallbladder Removal)

Cholecystectomy is a laparoscopic procedure performed to remove the gallbladder, commonly due to gallstones or gallbladder disease.

Small Incisions:

Several small incisions are made in the abdomen.
Trocars (thin tubes) are inserted to provide access for the laparoscope and surgical instruments.

Visualization:

A laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera, is inserted to visualize the gallbladder and surrounding structures on a monitor.

Gallbladder Removal:

The surgeon carefully detaches the gallbladder from the liver and bile duct.
The gallbladder is then removed through one of the small incisions.

Closure:

Incisions are closed with stitches or adhesive strips.

Minimally invasive with smaller incisions.
Reduced postoperative pain and shorter recovery time compared to open surgery.

Common Surgical Problems

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain, tenderness, and fever. Surgical removal (appendectomy) is the standard treatment.

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

Formation of stones in the gallbladder, which can lead to pain, nausea, and complications. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is a common treatment.

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall. Surgical repair is often necessary.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus, causing pain and bleeding. Surgical options include hemorrhoidectomy or less invasive procedures.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon. Severe cases may require surgical intervention, such as bowel resection.

Colon Cancer

Malignant growth in the colon, often requiring surgical removal of the tumor and, in some cases, a portion of the colon.

Breast Cancer

Uncontrolled growth of cells in the breast tissue. Surgical options include lumpectomy (removing the tumor) or mastectomy (removing the breast).

Thyroid Disorders

Conditions affecting the thyroid gland, such as goiter or thyroid nodules. Surgery may be required for thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland).

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic acid reflux, causing heartburn and damage to the esophagus. Anti-reflux surgeries like fundoplication may be considered.

Varicose Veins

Swollen and twisted veins, often in the legs. Surgical procedures like vein stripping or laser ablation may be performed for symptomatic relief.

Gastrointestinal Perforation

A hole or tear in the wall of the stomach or intestines, often requiring emergency surgical intervention.

Abscess

Collection of pus, often requiring surgical drainage to prevent the spread of infection.

Anal Fissure

Tear in the lining of the anus, causing pain and bleeding. In some cases, surgical intervention may be needed.

Hydrocele

Accumulation of fluid around the testicle, often requiring surgical drainage or repair.

Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area, sometimes requiring surgical biopsy for diagnosis.

It's important to note that these descriptions are brief, and individual cases may vary. The appropriate treatment for these conditions is determined by a healthcare professional based on the specific circumstances of each patient.